during use of

1) применение

1) в течение

use

utilisation ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (b) emploi ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (c) consommation ⇒ 1 (a) usage ⇒ 1 (a)-(d), 1 (f), 1 (g) besoin ⇒ 1 (d) se servir de ⇒ 2 (a), 2 (b) utiliser ⇒ 2 (a), 2 (c) employer ⇒ 2 (a) prendre ⇒ 2 (a), 2 (e) profiter de ⇒ 2 (b) consommer ⇒ 2 (c) finir ⇒ 2 (c)

1 noun [ju:s]

(a) (utilization → of materials) utilisation f, emploi m; (consumption → of water, resources etc) consommation f; (being used, worn etc) usage m;

∎ the use of brick in building l'emploi ou l'utilisation de la brique dans la construction;

∎ to stretch (out) with use se détendre à l'usage;

∎ to wear out with use s'user;

∎ the dishes are for everyday use c'est la vaisselle de tous les jours;

∎ ready for use prêt à l'emploi;

∎ directions or instructions for use (on packaging) mode d'emploi;

∎ for your personal use (on packaging) pour votre usage personnel;

∎ for customer use only (sign) réservé à notre clientèle;

∎ Medicine for external/internal use only (on packaging) à usage externe/interne;

∎ for use in case of emergency (sign) à utiliser en cas d'urgence;

∎ the film is for use in teaching le film est destiné à l'enseignement;

∎ in use (machine, system) en usage, utilisé; (lift, cash point) en service; (phrase, word) usité;

∎ in general use d'emploi courant, d'utilisation courante;

∎ not in use, out of use (machine, system) hors d'usage; (lift, cash point) hors service;

∎ the phrase is no longer in use l'expression est inusitée ou ne s'utilise plus;

∎ to come into use entrer en service;

∎ to go out of use (machine) être mis au rebut;

∎ steam engines went out of use in 1950 on a cessé d'utiliser ou d'employer les machines à vapeur en 1950;

∎ to make use of sth se servir de ou utiliser qch;

∎ schools are making increasing use of audio-visual aids les écoles se servent de plus en plus de supports audiovisuels;

∎ to make good use of, to put to good use (machine, money) faire bon usage de; (opportunity, experience) tirer profit de

(b) (ability or right to use) usage m, utilisation f;

∎ we gave them the use of our car nous leur avons laissé l'usage de notre voiture;

∎ he only has the use of one arm il n'a l'usage que d'un bras;

∎ she lost the use of her legs elle a perdu l'usage de ses jambes;

∎ the old man still has the full use of his faculties le vieil homme jouit encore de toutes ses facultés

(c) (practical application) usage m, emploi m;

∎ this tool has many uses cet outil a de nombreux usages ou emplois;

∎ we found a use for the old fridge nous avons trouvé un emploi pour le vieux frigo;

∎ humorous I have my uses il m'arrive de servir à quelque chose

(d) (need) besoin m, usage m;

∎ do you have any use for this book? avez-vous besoin de ce livre?;

∎ to have no use for sth ne pas avoir besoin de qch; figurative n'avoir que faire de qch;

∎ I have no use for idle gossip je n'ai que faire des cancans;

∎ this department has no use for slackers il n'y a pas de place pour les fainéants dans ce service

(e) (usefulness)

∎ to be of use (to sb) être utile (à qn), servir (à qn);

∎ this dictionary might be of use to you ce dictionnaire pourrait vous être utile ou vous servir;

∎ were the instructions (of) any use? est-ce que le mode d'emploi a servi à quelque chose?;

∎ I found his advice to be of little use, his advice was of little use to me je n'ai pas trouvé ses conseils très utiles;

∎ the book would be of more use if it had illustrations le livre serait plus utile s'il contenait des illustrations;

∎ it's not much use cela ne sert pas à grand-chose;

∎ he's not much use as a secretary il n'est pas brillant comme secrétaire;

∎ to be (of) no use (thing) ne servir à rien; (person) n'être bon à rien;

∎ they were no use at all during the move ils n'ont rien fait pendant le déménagement;

∎ you're no use! tu n'es bon à rien!;

∎ it's or there's no use complaining inutile de ou ça ne sert à rien de se plaindre;

∎ there's no use shouting ça ne sert à rien de crier, (c'est) inutile de crier;

∎ it's no use, we might as well give up c'est inutile ou ça ne sert à rien, autant abandonner;

∎ I tried to convince her but it was no use j'ai essayé de la convaincre mais il n'y avait rien à faire;

∎ is it any use calling her? est-ce que ça servira à quelque chose de l'appeler?;

∎ what's the use of waiting? à quoi bon attendre?, à quoi ça sert d'attendre?;

∎ oh, what's the use? à quoi bon?;

∎ familiar ironic that's a fat lot of use! ça nous fait une belle jambe!

(f) Linguistics usage m;

∎ that's an old-fashioned use c'est un usage vieilli

(g) Religion usage m

2 transitive verb [ju:z]

(a) (put into action → service, tool, skills) se servir de, utiliser; (→ product, name) utiliser; (→ method, phrase, word) employer; (→ vehicle, form of transport) prendre;

∎ these are the notebooks he used ce sont les cahiers dont il s'est servi ou qu'il a utilisés;

∎ is anyone using this book? est-ce que quelqu'un se sert de ou a besoin de ce livre?;

∎ it's very easy to use c'est très facile à utiliser;

∎ it's no longer used (machine, tool) ça ne sert plus; (word, expression) ça n'est plus usité;

∎ am I using the term correctly? est-ce comme ça qu'on utilise le terme?;

∎ I'd like to use my language skills more j'aimerais utiliser davantage mes connaissances en langues;

∎ I always use public transport je prends toujours les transports en commun;

∎ we use this room as an office nous nous servons de cette pièce comme bureau, cette pièce nous sert de bureau;

∎ what is this used for or as? à quoi cela sert-il?;

∎ it's used for identifying the blood type cela sert à identifier le groupe sanguin;

∎ I use it for opening or to open letters je m'en sers ou je l'utilise pour ouvrir les lettres;

∎ I used the money to rebuild my garage j'ai utilisé ou employé l'argent pour reconstruire mon garage;

∎ what battery does this radio use? quelle pile faut-il pour cette radio?;

∎ my car uses unleaded petrol ma voiture marche à l'essence sans plomb;

∎ may I use the phone? puis-je téléphoner?;

∎ he asked to use the British toilet or American bathroom il a demandé à aller aux toilettes;

∎ to use force/violence avoir recours à la force/violence;

∎ the police often use tear gas la police a souvent recours au gaz lacrymogène;

∎ to use one's intelligence/intuition faire marcher son intelligence/intuition;

∎ to use diplomacy user de diplomatie;

∎ to use discretion agir avec discrétion;

∎ to use one's influence user de son influence;

∎ use your imagination! utilise ton imagination!;

∎ use your initiative! fais preuve d'initiative!;

∎ use your head or your brains! réfléchis un peu!;

∎ use your eyes! ouvrez l'œil!;

∎ familiar he could certainly use some help un peu d'aide ne lui ferait pas de mal;

∎ familiar we could all use a holiday! nous aurions tous bien besoin de vacances!^□

(b) (exploit, take advantage of → opportunity) profiter de; (→ person) se servir de;

∎ use it to your advantage! profitez-en!;

∎ he's only using you to get ahead il ne fait que se servir de toi pour avancer;

∎ I feel used j'ai l'impression qu'on s'est servi de moi

(c) (consume) consommer, utiliser; (finish, use up) finir, épuiser;

∎ the car's using a lot of oil la voiture consomme beaucoup d'huile;

∎ have you used all the shampoo? as-tu utilisé tout le shampooing?

(d) formal (treat physically) traiter; (behave towards) agir envers;

∎ they used the workers well ils ont bien traité les ouvriers, ils ont bien agi envers les ouvriers;

∎ I consider I was ill used je considère qu'on ne m'a pas traité comme il faut;

∎ how's the world been using you? comment ça va?

(e) familiar (drug) prendre^□

3 auxiliary verb

[ju:z] (only in past tense) they used to live here (avant) ils habitaient ici;

∎ he used to drink a lot il buvait beaucoup avant;

∎ it used to be true c'était vrai autrefois;

∎ it used to be a pleasant town to live in autrefois c'était une ville agréable;

∎ things aren't what they used to be les choses ne sont plus ce qu'elles étaient;

∎ she can't get about the way she used to elle ne peut plus se déplacer comme avant;

∎ she never used to smoke elle ne fumait pas avant;

∎ we used not or we didn't use to eat meat avant, nous ne mangions pas de viande;

∎ did he use to visit her? venait-il la voir avant?;

∎ do you travel much? - I used to vous voyagez beaucoup? - autrefois, oui

4 intransitive verb

[ju:z] familiar (use drugs) se camer

➲ use up separable transitive verb

(consume) consommer, prendre; (exhaust → paper, soap) finir; (→ patience, energy, supplies) épuiser;

∎ she used up the leftovers to make the soup elle a utilisé les restes pour faire un potage;

∎ did you use up all your money? as-tu dépensé tout ton argent?;

∎ the paper was all used up il ne restait plus de papier

1) (to employ (something) for a purpose: What did you use to open the can?; Use your common sense!) bruke, benytte, anvende

2) (to consume: We're using far too much electricity.) bruke, gå med til

•

- usable

1) (the act of using or state of being used: The use of force to persuade workers to join a strike cannot be justified; This telephone number is for use in emergencies.) bruk

2) (the/a purpose for which something may be used: This little knife has plenty of uses; I have no further use for these clothes.) bruksområde, anvendelse

3) ((often in questions or with negatives) value or advantage: Is this coat (of) any use to you?; It's no use offering to help when it's too late.) nytte

4) (the power of using: She lost the use of her right arm as a result of the accident.) bruk, førlighet

5) (permission, or the right, to use: They let us have the use of their car while they were away.) bruk(srett), adgang til

•

- useful

anvende

bruk

bruke

formål

funksjon

hensikt

skikk

vane

subst. \/juːs\/

1) bruk

• for use only in case of fire

• it's meant for use

2) evne til å bruke

• she lost the use of speech

• he'll lose the use of one eye

• they lost the use of their legs

3) anvendelse, bruksmåte, formål

• let's put this to charitable uses

• this is a tool with many uses

• peaceful uses of nuclear power

• she could make many uses of that

• the room serves the double use of dining and of sitting room

• I sell books for the use of schools

4) nytte, vits, fordel

• what's the use in trying?

• the information was (of) no use

5) rett til å bruke

• she gave them the use of her car

• we have the use of a boat during our holiday

• I rent a room with use of kitchen

6) (jus, historisk) bruksrett

7) (skikk og) bruk, praksis

• I follow the prevailing use

8) ( kirkelig) ritual, kirkeskikk

9) ( gjentatt) øvelse, erfaring, vane

be of use være til nytte, komme til nytte

come into use bli tatt i bruk bli mer alminnelig

directions for use bruksanvisning

find a use for ha nytte av, finne bruk for

for the use of somebody til noens disposisjon

• she bought a house for the use of her children

have no use for ikke ha noen nytte av, ikke behøve, ikke ha (noen) bruk for ikke gi mye for, ikke like

make use of gjøre bruk av, anvende, utnytte

• I can make no use of it

• make good use of it

out of use ute av bruk ubrukelig ubrukt

put something to (good) use anvende noe godt, ta godt vare på noe, dra stor nytte av noe

unlawful use ( jus) brukstyveri

use and wont skikk og bruk

verb \/juːz\/

1) bruke, benytte, anvende

• he uses alcohol in vast quantities

• he still uses his title even though he was sacked

• Hemingway used a simple language in his stories

2) utnytte, benytte seg av

• he uses people

3) behandle, bruke

• he used me badly

be used to være vant til

• she is used to hard work

use as bruke som

used to pleide

• he used to have coffee in the morning

• he does not come as often as he used to

• things are not what they used to be

• her father used to be a carpenter before the war

used up slutt, oppbrukt

use for bruke til, bruke som

use to bruke til å, bruke for å

• what kind of hairspray do you use to make your hair stand straight up like that?

use up forbruke, bruke opp, gjøre slutt på (amer.) trette ut, utmatte

With nouns expressing time, use acc.; with other nouns, use P. and V. διά (gen.), sometimes ἐν (dat.), P. παρά (acc.).

Rising up during dinner: P. ἐξαναστάντες μεταξὺ δειπνοῦντες (Dem. 284).

 

дифференцированные по времени тарифы
Расчёт цен на электроэнергию в зависимости от расчётной стоимости электроэнергии в определенный период времени. Дифференцированные по времени тарифы, обычно делятся на три или четыре временных блока за сутки (пиковый, дневной, ночной провал, мини-провал), а также в зависимости от времени года (летний и зимний). Реальные тарифы отличаются от дифференцированных по времени тарифов тем, что они основаны на фактических, а не на расчётных ценах, которые могут колебаться много раз за день и зависеть от погодных условий, а не меняются согласно заранее установленному графику.
[Англорусский глосарий энергетических терминов ERRA]

EN

time-of-use rates
The pricing of electricity based on the estimated cost of electricity during a particular time block. Time-of-use rates are usually divided into three or four time blocks per twenty-four hour period (on-peak, mid-peak, off-peak and sometimes super off-peak) and by seasons of the year (summer and winter). Real-time pricing differs from time-of-use rates in that it is based on actual (as opposed to forecasted) prices which may fluctuate many times a day and are weather-sensitive, rather than varying with a fixed schedule.
[Англорусский глосарий энергетических терминов ERRA]

Тематики

• энергетика в целом

EN

• time-of-use rates

 

период исключительного пользования
Период, в течение которого ОКОИ осуществляет исключительное пользование объектом и его периметром, продолжающийся до срока сдачи объекта.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

EN

exclusive use period
Period during which the OCOG has exclusive use of the venue and the perimeter area, until the turnover date.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

Тематики

• спорт (управление Играми)

EN

• exclusive use period

 

эксклюзивное использование продукции спонсоров
В соответствии с Правилами и анкетой для города-кандидата, владельцы/управляющие объектов должны подтвердить свое согласие с тем, что на период проведения Игр (включая Олимпийские и Паралимпийские игры) и на период до их начала, достаточный для того, чтобы ОКОИ могу надлежащим образом подготовить объект к Играм, ОКОИ предоставляется право на исключительное использование на объектах продуктов и услуг спонсоров Олимпийских игр (а также на ребрендинг существующих продуктов и услуги в той степени, в какой это необходимо для соблюдения исключительных прав, предоставленных Олимпийским спонсорам).
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

EN

exclusive use of sponsor products
In accordance with the Candidature Procedure and Questionnaire, during the period of the Games (including Olympic and Paralympic Games) and sufficient time ahead of the Games for the OCOG to adequately prepare the venue for the Games, the venue owner / manager must agree that the OCOG shall have the right to exclusively use products and services of Olympic Games sponsors at the venue (and re-brand existing products and services, to the extent necessary to respect the exclusive rights granted to Olympic sponsors).
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

Тематики

• спорт (защита интеллектуальной собственности)

EN

• exclusive use of sponsor products

 

использование энергии
Энергия, потребленная в определенный период времени для определенной цели (обычно выражается в квтч) (Термины Рабочей Группы правового регулирования ЭРРА).
[Англо-русский глосcарий энергетических терминов ERRA]

EN

energy use
Energy consumed during a specified time period for a specific purpose (usually expressed in kWh) (ERRA Legal Regulation Working Group Terms).
[Англо-русский глосcарий энергетических терминов ERRA]

Тематики

• энергетика в целом

EN

• energy use

 

категория применения (контакторов и пускателей)
-
[Интент]

Параллельные тексты EN-RU

Род тока/
Kind of current

Категория применения/
Utilization category

Типичные области применения/
Typical applications

Переменный/
Alternating current

AC-1

Неиндуктивные или слабоиндуктивные нагрузки, печи сопротивления/
Non-inductive or slightly inductive loads, resistance furnaces

 

AC-2

Двигатели с контактными кольцами: пуск, отключение/
Slip-ring motors: starting, switching off

 

AC-3

Двигатели с короткозамкнутым ротором: пуск, отключение без предварительного останова/
Squirrel-cage motors: starting, switching off motors during running

 

AC-4

Двигатели с короткозамкнутым ротором: пуск, торможение противотоком, повторно-кратковременные включения/
Squirrel-cage motors: starting, plugging, inching

 

AC-5a

Коммутация разрядных электроламп/
Switching of electric discharge lamp controls

 

AC-5b

Коммутация ламп накаливания/
Switching of incadescent lamps

 

AC-6a

Коммутация трансформаторов/
Switching of transformers

 

AC-6b

Коммутация батарей конденсаторов/
Switching of capacitor banks

 

AC-7a

Слабоиндуктивные нагрузки бытового и аналогичного назначения/
Slightly inductive loads in household appliances and similar applications

 

AC-7b

Двигательные нагрузки бытового назначения/
Motor-loads for household applications

 

AC-8a

Управление герметичными двигателями компрессоров холодильных машин с ручным взводом тепловых расцепителей/
Hermetic refrigerant compressor motor control with manual resetting of overload releases

 

AC-8b

Управление герметичными двигателями компрессоров холодильных машин с автоматическим взводом тепловых расцепителей/
Hermetic refrigerant compressor motor control with automatic resetting of overload releases

Постоянный/
Direct current

DC-1

Неиндуктивные или слабоиндуктивные нагрузки, печи сопротивления/
Non-inductive or slightly inductive loads, resistance furnaces

 

DC-3

Шунтовые двигатели: пуск, торможение противотоком, повторно-кратковременные включения/
Shunt motors: starting, plugging, inching

 

DC-3

Динамическое отключение двигателей постоянного тока/
Dynamic breaking of d.c. motors

 

DC-5

Сериесные двигатели: пуск, торможение противотоком, повторно-кратковременные включения/
Series-motors: starting, plugging, inching

 

DC-5

Динамическое отключение двигателей постоянного тока/
Dynamic breaking of d.c. motors

 

DC-6

Коммутация ламп накаливания/
Switching of incandescent lamps

Недопустимые, нерекомендуемые

• категория использования (1)

Примечание(1)- Мнение автора карточки

Тематики

• контакторы и пускатели

EN

• category of use
• category of utilisation
• operating category
• utilization category

Религия: Адриан II

Религия: арба-конфот

அழி

எயிப்பில் வைப்பை அழி

The maximum mass of the aircraft at which structural provision is made for load liable to occur during use of the aircraft on the ground prior to the start of take-off.

(AN 8)

Maксимaльнaя мaссa вoздушнoгo суднa, с учётoм кoтoрoй oбeспeчивaeтся прoчнoсть кoнструкции при нaгрузкaх, вeрoятных вo врeмя движeния вoздушнoгo суднa пo зeмлe дo нaчaлa взлётa.

   The world's oldest diplomatic connection and alliance, an enduring arrangement between two very different nations and peoples, with important practical consequences in the domestic and foreign affairs of both Great Britain (England before 1707) and Portugal. The history of this remarkable alliance, which has had commercial and trade, political, foreign policy, cultural, and imperial aspects, can be outlined in part with a list of the main alliance treaties after the first treaty of commerce and friendship signed between the monarchs of England and Portugal in 1373. This was followed in 1386 by the Treaty of Windsor; then in 1654, 1661, 1703, the Methuen Treaty; and in 1810 and 1899 another treaty also signed at Windsor.

   Common interests in the defense of the nation and its overseas empire (in the case of Portugal, after 1415; in the case of England, after 1650) were partly based on characteristics and common enemies both countries shared. Even in the late Middle Ages, England and Portugal faced common enemies: large continental countries that threatened the interests and sovereignty of both, especially France and Spain. In this sense, the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance has always been a defensive alliance in which each ally would assist the other when necessary against its enemies. In the case of Portugal, that enemy invariably was Spain (or component states thereof, such as Castile and Leon) and sometimes France (i.e., when Napoleon's armies invaded and conquered Portugal as of late 1807). In the case of England, that foe was often France and sometimes Spain as well.

   Beginning in the late 14th century, England and Portugal forged this unusual relationship, formalized with several treaties that came into direct use during a series of dynastic, imperial, naval, and commercial conflicts between 1373 and 1961, the historic period when the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance had its most practical political significance. The relative world power and importance of each ally has varied over the centuries. During the period 1373-1580, the allies were similar in respective ranking in European affairs, and during the period 1480-1550, if anything, Portugal was a greater world power with a more important navy than England. During 1580-1810, Portugal fell to the status of a third-rank European power and, during 1810-1914, England was perhaps the premier world power. During 1914-61, England's world position slipped while Portugal made a slow recovery but remained a third- or fourth-rank power.

   The commercial elements of the alliance have always involved an exchange of goods between two seafaring, maritime peoples with different religions and political systems but complementary economies. The 1703 Methuen Treaty establ ished a trade link that endured for centuries and bore greater advantages for England than for Portugal, although Portugal derived benefits: English woolens for Portuguese wines, especially port, other agricultural produce, and fish. Since the signing of the Methuen Treaty, there has been a vigorous debate both in politics and in historical scholarship as to how much each nation benefited economically from the arrangement in which Portugal eventually became dependent upon England and the extent to which Portugal became a kind of economic colony of Britain during the period from 1703 to 1910.

   There is a vast literature on the Alliance, much of it in Portuguese and by Portuguese writers, which is one expression of the development of modern Portuguese nationalism. During the most active phase of the alliance, from 1650 to 1945, there is no doubt but that the core of the mutual interests of the allies amounted to the proposition that Portugal's independence as a nation in Iberia and the integrity of its overseas empire, the third largest among the colonial powers as of 1914, were defended by England, who in turn benefited from the use by the Royal Navy of Portugal's home and colonial ports in times of war and peace. A curious impact on Portuguese and popular usage had also come about and endured through the impact of dealings with the English allies. The idiom in Portuguese, "é para inglês ver," means literally "it is for the Englishman to see," but figuratively it really means, "it is merely for show."

   The practical defense side of the alliance was effectively dead by the end of World War II, but perhaps the most definitive indication of the end of the political significance of an alliance that still continues in other spheres occurred in December 1961, when the army of the Indian Union invaded Portugal's colonial enclaves in western India, Goa, Damão, and Diu. While both nations were now North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies, their interests clashed when it came to imperial and Commonwealth conflicts and policies. Portugal asked Britain for military assistance in the use of British bases against the army of Britain's largest former colony, India. But Portugal was, in effect, refused assistance by her oldest ally. If the alliance continues into the 21st century, its essence is historical, nostalgic, commercial, and cultural.

    See also Catherine of Braganza.